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Batman (unit)
The batman ((:batˈman)) was a unit of mass used in the Ottoman Empire and among Turkic peoples of the Russian Empire. It has also been recorded as a unit of area in Uyghur-speaking regions of Central Asia. The name is Turkic (Ottoman Turkish ; Chagatai ),〔.〕 but was also sometimes used for the equivalent unit in Persia ( من, ''man'').〔.〕〔.〕 The equivalent unit in British India was anglicized as the maund. The value of the batman (or maund) varied considerably from place to place.
==Origins==
The ''man'' as a unit of weight is thought to be of at least Chaldean origin,〔 with Sir Henry Yule attributing Akkadian origins to the word.〔.〕 The Hebrew ''maneh'' (מנה) and the Ancient Greek ''mina'' (μνᾶ) are thought to be cognate.〔〔.〕 It was originally equal to one-ninth of the weight of an ''artaba'' of water,〔.〕 or approximately four kilograms in modern units. İnalcık believes the ancient Persian ''patimāna'' may have come from the late Assyrian word for "mana of the king".〔.〕 The ''man'' or ''batman'' spread throughout Arabia and Persia: it was adopted by the Ottoman Empire, and brought to India by the Mughal Empire. The first attestation which gives a comparison to European weights was by Pegolotti in his ''Pratica della mercatura'', written about 1340. He reported the ''batman'' as the main unit of mass in Ayasluğ ("Altoluogo di Turchia" to Pegolotti; modern Selçuk, in western Turkey), equivalent to 32 Genoese pounds (''libbre'').〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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